特殊句式——主谓一致
主谓一致指主语和谓语之间在“人称”和“数”的方面保持一致
主谓一致在不同的情况下,原则各不相同,通常有三种形式:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致
✦语法一致
主语是单数,谓语也采取单数形式,主语是复数,谓语也采取复数形式
This desk is a genuine antique.
这个桌子是一个名副其实的古董。
Both parties have their own advantages.
双方都有各自的优势。
不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应该看作单数,谓语动词用单数
Reading books is a very good way to study.
读书是学习的好方法。
To do this kind of things requires courage.
做这种事情需要勇气。
What you have done has been seen.
你所做的已经被看到了。
不定代词one、every、each、everybody、everyone、one of、no one、nothing、nobody、somebody、either、neither、many a 等作主语或修饰主语时看作单数,谓语动词用单数
Neither of them is guilty.
他们两人都无罪。
Every boy and girl shows great interest in English.
每个男孩和女孩对英语表现出很大的兴趣。
表示国家、机构、事件、作品等专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数
Gone with the Wind is a good book known to lovers of English.
《飘》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
China plays an important role in the international affairs.
中国在国际事务中起着重要作用。
由some、several、both、few、many、a number of等修饰主语,看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
Both of us are basketball players.
我们两个都是篮球运动员。
Some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun.
有些人打排球,有些人躺着晒太阳。
★考点链接
One-third of area covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees been planted.
A. are; have
B. is; has
C. is; have
D. are; has
答案及解析:
C 考查主谓一致,“地区”作主语,不管前面的修饰定语是什么,均为单数;后半句主语是“trees”,复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。
特殊句式——There be句型
There be 结构在英语中是一种特殊的句式
①表示“在什么地方或时间存在(发生)什么事”
②常用“there be+名词+地点/时间状语”的结构
③Be应与它后面的主语保持一致,如果出现并列主语,遵循“就近原则”
There is a pen and some pencils in the pencil-box.
在文具盒里面有一支钢笔和一些铅笔。
✦结构
肯定结构
there be 句型的肯定结构表示“某处存在某物或某人”
There are some ducks on the lake.
瓶子里面有一些果汁。
否定结构
there be 句型的否定结构是在谓语动词be的后面加not或no。
There are no books on the desk.
桌子上没有书。
疑问结构
there和be倒装。
Are there any people in the room?
房间里面有人吗?
✦时态
一般过去时:there was/were
一般现在时:there is/are
一般将来时:there will be
There will be (=There is going to be ) a show on Wednesday.
过去将来时:there would be
There would be a magic show at the theatre on Sunday。
现在完成时:there has/have been
There have been lots of accidents round here.
这里已经发生多起事故了。
✦拓展用法
There is no use +动名词 意为“…无用”
There is no use waiting any longer.
再等下午是没有用的。
There is nothing more…than 意为“再…不过了”
There is nothing more than dangerous than an illusion of security.
太平无事的幻觉是再危险不过的了。
There is a possibility of (或that) 意为“…是有可能的”
There is a possibility that I may be able to go to Australia.
我去澳大利亚是有可能的。
★考点链接
There an English Evening next Tuesday.
A.was
B.will be
C.will have
D.are going to be
答案及解析:
B 本题考查there be固定句型,根据next Tuesday 知道本题用一般将来时,there be 的将来时是there will be。
特殊句式——倒装句
✦部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词放至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添助动词do、does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
Never have I watched such a moving film.
我从未看过如此感人的一部电影。
Hardly had I gone out of the school when I met my father.
我刚走出学校,就遇见了我爸爸。
Only in this way can the experiment succeed.
(状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装)
唯有这样做,实验才能成功。
✦完全倒装
完全倒装是指将句子的谓语动词全部置于主语之前,一般用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here is your pen.
你的笔。
Then came the bus.
公交车来了。
✦祈使句倒装
Long live the People’s Republic of China
中华人民共和国万岁
May you succeed!
祝你成功。
★考点链接
Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.
A. didn’t realize
B. did I realize
C. I didn’t realize
D. I realized.
答案及解析:
B 本题考查倒装句,not until +倒装部分+did +主句部分。
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